I hop you enjoyed reading about Cloning

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Pictures/Videos/Animations

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGvTRVmIO80

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hepoJgGJtNc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39BbcZVCx8I


Are you a little confused by all the talk about DNA and genes? Try this animated tour presenting basic information and explanations of DNA, genes, chromosomes, inheritance and mitosis, mioses
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/tour/


Try cloning a dog using the same method to create Dolly – Source: Biotechnology Australia
C:\Documents and Settings\user\Desktop\int_dogcloning.swf

Click and clone
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/cloning/clickandclone/

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The nucleus of a skin cell taken from the ear of an adult male Afghan (left) was transferred into an egg cell of a yellow Labrador retriever (right). The altered egg was implanted in the Labrador. The resulting clone, Snuppy, (center) was delivered by caesarian section after 60 days.

Applications/Uses

cloning can be use to plant better crops where genes from different organisms will be taken to improve taste and nutritional value or provide resistance to particular types of disease can be used to genetically engineer food crops.
Also, reproductive cloning can be used to develop efficient ways to reliably reproduce animals with special qualities. For example, drug-producing animals or animals that have been genetically altered to serve as models for studying human disease could be mass produced. cloning also could be used to repopulate endangered animals or animals that are difficult to breed.
'Therapeutic cloning technology may some day be used in humans to produce whole organs from single cells or to produce healthy cells that can replace damaged cells in degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. Much work still needs to be done before therapeutic cloning can become a realistic option for the treatment of disorders.'

REFERENCES

http://www.google.ca/search?sourceid=navclient&rlz=1T4ADFA_enCA343CA344&q=Tetra%20the%20monkey&um=1&resnum=4&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&hl=en&tab=iw&tbo=0

http://library.thinkquest.org/C0123260/cloning/several%20examples%20of%20cloning.htm

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index;_ylt=AuAVddS6XJ2K6csPDwlExncjzKIX;_ylv=3?qid=1006022701455

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloning

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolly_the_Sheep

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index;_ylt=Ap1aNJAFM2OCsHgFfCmJXIMjzKIX;_ylv=3?qid=20091018051135AAmEz64

Cloning examples

Is Dolly the sheep the only successful example for cloning?

The answer is NO.

Dolly the sheep is the most popular, but their are others animal that have been cloned successfully as: Tetra the monkey. It was the first mammal cloned cloned by embryo splitting. Tetra survived of four identical embryos that were implanted in four separate host mothers. "Oregon Regional Primate Research Center began by taking an egg from the mother monkey and sperm from the father monkey and then mixing them together to create a fertilized egg. Once the embryo had grown into eight cells, the scientists then divided the embryo into four identical embryos consisting of two cells each. These four embryos were then implanted into four potential monkey mothers."
If you like to know more about Tera visit the website bellow and read the article.
http://www.accessexcellence.org/WN/SUA14/monkeybiz.php

History of Cloning

The beginning of the theories and experiments with cloning had started in the late 1880s, where scientists sought to prove their theories about the way genetic material inside cells worked. They started experimenting frogs and salamandersat the begigng by splitting the embryos to see how the resulting animals would develop. As scientists understode chromosomes better, lots of experiments were done with cloning, until they got the first sucsesful clone of an animal in 1952 that had was called Dolly the Sheep.

Cloning Issues/risks

By cloning animals we could arrive to the issues/risks it might have on humans.
1. The success rate ranges from 0.1 percent to 3, foe the following resons:
*The enucleated egg and the transferred nucleus may not be compatible
*An egg with a newly transferred nucleus may not begin to divide or develop properly
*Implantation of the embryo into the surrogate mother might fail
*The pregnancy itself might fail

2. cloned offsprins that sevives are uswaly much bigger than their natural counterparts. That can lead to breathing, blood flow and other problems.

3. 'As cells divide, their chromosomes get shorter. This is because the DNA sequences at both ends of a chromosome, called telomeres, shrink in length every time the DNA is copied. The older the animal is, the shorter its telomeres will be, because the cells have divided many, many times. This is a natural part of aging.
So, what happens to the clone if its transferred nucleus is already pretty old? Will the shortened telomeres affect its development or lifespan?
When scientists looked at the telomere lengths of cloned animals, they found no clear answers. Chromosomes from cloned cattle or mice had longer telomeres than normal. These cells showed other signs of youth and seemed to have an extended lifespan compared with cells from a naturally conceived cow. On the other hand, Dolly the sheep's chromosomes had shorter telomere lengths than normal. This means that Dolly's cells were aging faster than the cells from a normal sheep.
To date, scientists aren't sure why cloned animals show differences in telomere length.' from genetic scence learning centre

- and other issues/riskes

Dolly the Sheep

Dolly the sheep was born on the 5 of July, 1996 and died on the 14 of February, 2003.

Dolly was the first mammal to be successfully cloned from a specific adult cells.Bellow is a diagram showing the proses of cloning Dolly the sheep and a brief description of the proses to clone Dolly the sheep. First you need a donar cell that's taken from a sheep's udder and an egg cell from an adult female sheep. Then the nucleus of the egg is removed. These two cells are fused using an electric shock. The fused cells begins dividing normally. Then the embryo is placed into the uterus of a suragent mother. Then the embryo develops normally into a lamb.

Intordacion

Definion with brief description : cloning is a type of prosses that goes through producing an organisim by selecting DNA fragments from an individual to creat an exact copy of that individual, such as plants, bacteria, and insects.